Poverty, Discrimination, Social Exclusion, and Insufficient Implementation of Legislation are root causes of slavery.
Child Labour
Child Labour is full-time work done by children under 15 years of age that prevents them from going to school, or that is dangerous to their health. The work exceeds a minimum number of hours based on the age of the child and the type of work. In exploitative child labour, the child is often working against debt taken by his or her family. It involves restrained freedom, making him/her vulnerable to physical and other forms of abuse harmful to his/her basic human rights. In extreme cases, these debts can be transferred to the next generation.
Who? Children in poor households and rural areas are most likely to be engaged in child labour. Girls especially are used for household chores and vulnerable to exploitation and abuse.
Consequences? Lack of education: no means to receive education and knowledge to get a better job.
What kind of work do child labourers have to do?
Who? Children in poor households and rural areas are most likely to be engaged in child labour. Girls especially are used for household chores and vulnerable to exploitation and abuse.
Consequences? Lack of education: no means to receive education and knowledge to get a better job.
What kind of work do child labourers have to do?
- Agriculture
- Sex slavery
- Trash Collecting
- Domestic Service
- Child Soldiers
- Industrial Work
- Child Miners
bONDED LABOUR/ DEBT BONDAGE
Bonded Labour/ Debt bondage happens when a person is required to provide labour as a way of repaying a loan. The value of the work is often not put towards the elimination of the debt and the working conditions are not clearly limited and defined. The employer would often set high interest rates and large rent or food costs to prevent the victim from ever escaping their debt with their minimal pay (or in many cases, no pay).
Where? For thousands of years in the past, bonded labour was used in south Asia in the caste system, the feudal agricultural system in France, and also as a means of recruiting labour forces for plantations in colonialism (Africa, the Caribbean, and South East Asia). In developed countries, trafficked victims for forced labour or sexual exploitation are also held in debt by being incapable of repaying the traffickers for the transportation fees of moving from one location to the next.
Who does this affect?
Groups vulnerable to wide range of discriminatory acts
Minority groups
-->Indigenous people
-->Women
-->Children
-->People considered in a “lower” class
What kind of work do bonded labourers have to do?
Consequences?
The entire family is often mobilized to help pay for the debt of one member of the family. As a result, there is very little opportunity for education leaving the family trapped for generations in a cycle of poverty.
Where? For thousands of years in the past, bonded labour was used in south Asia in the caste system, the feudal agricultural system in France, and also as a means of recruiting labour forces for plantations in colonialism (Africa, the Caribbean, and South East Asia). In developed countries, trafficked victims for forced labour or sexual exploitation are also held in debt by being incapable of repaying the traffickers for the transportation fees of moving from one location to the next.
Who does this affect?
Groups vulnerable to wide range of discriminatory acts
Minority groups
-->Indigenous people
- 75% of all indigenous people in the Peruvian Amazon, 33,000 people, are forced to work in the logging industry. The timber companies offer money, basic goods, public services in the form of a school or playground in exchange for a specified quota of timber. The company makes it difficult to repay the debt by postponing final payment, rejecting timber for lack of quality, and undervaluing the products.
-->Women
-->Children
-->People considered in a “lower” class
- In India, 81% of those trapped in bonded labour were forced to take out a loan from their landlords because they did not have enough money to meet their BASIC NEEDS. 70% of people were bonded for an initial loan equal or less than $16.
What kind of work do bonded labourers have to do?
- Logging industry
- Work on ranches
- Domestic work
- Work relating to agriculture
- Sexual exploitation through trafficking
Consequences?
The entire family is often mobilized to help pay for the debt of one member of the family. As a result, there is very little opportunity for education leaving the family trapped for generations in a cycle of poverty.
Domestic sERVANTS
Domestic Servants are largely comprised of children and young women. In this job one often ends up:
- Not eating with the rest of the family
- Have no private space
- Sleep in shared or inappropriate space
- Be reported mission by their employer even though they are still living in their employer's house
- Never or rarely leave the house without their employer
- Be subjected to insults, abuse threats or violence
- Receive little or no income
Sex trafficking
"Human trafficking is a 32 million dollar industry. After drug dealing, trafficking of humans is tied with arms dealing as the second-largest criminal industry in the world.”
The definition of trafficking has 3 main components:
1) The action of trafficking; which means the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons
2) The means of trafficking; which includes threat of or use of force, deception, coercion, abuse of power or position of vulnerability
3) The purpose of trafficking; which is always exploitation. In the words of the Trafficking Protocol, article 3 “exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs.
*Not For Sale
Where?
Sex trafficking happens everywhere in the world with Cambodia having the highest rate of child sex trafficking. You can find brothels on virtually every block and street corner. It is often hidden behind the façade of a “massage” parlour. In Canada, it exists in every major city. Approximately 600 foreign nationals are brought to Canada for sex trafficking every year.
Who?
The targeted victims have universal traits: low self-esteem, economically disadvantaged, socially dislocated, homelessness, sexually exploited youth, children in protective care, and children from dysfunctional families.
What kind of work?
Strip clubs
massage parlours
Escorts
Micro-brothels
Consequences?
At first, the victims feel used after the abuse. But some begin to believe that this is their tole as women and they suffer difficulty in changing that view after being emancipated from their employers. Sex trafficking often results in depression, low self-esteem, PTSD, and suicide. These are people needing compassion, respect, and dignity.
The definition of trafficking has 3 main components:
1) The action of trafficking; which means the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons
2) The means of trafficking; which includes threat of or use of force, deception, coercion, abuse of power or position of vulnerability
3) The purpose of trafficking; which is always exploitation. In the words of the Trafficking Protocol, article 3 “exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs.
*Not For Sale
Where?
Sex trafficking happens everywhere in the world with Cambodia having the highest rate of child sex trafficking. You can find brothels on virtually every block and street corner. It is often hidden behind the façade of a “massage” parlour. In Canada, it exists in every major city. Approximately 600 foreign nationals are brought to Canada for sex trafficking every year.
Who?
The targeted victims have universal traits: low self-esteem, economically disadvantaged, socially dislocated, homelessness, sexually exploited youth, children in protective care, and children from dysfunctional families.
What kind of work?
Strip clubs
massage parlours
Escorts
Micro-brothels
Consequences?
At first, the victims feel used after the abuse. But some begin to believe that this is their tole as women and they suffer difficulty in changing that view after being emancipated from their employers. Sex trafficking often results in depression, low self-esteem, PTSD, and suicide. These are people needing compassion, respect, and dignity.